US High School Psychology Practice Exam

What research method involves the in-depth analysis of a single individual or group?

1. Survey method

2. Case study

3. Experimental method

4. Observational method

The correct answer is: Case study

The correct choice is the case study. This research method is characterized by its focus on an in-depth investigation of a single individual or group, allowing psychologists to explore complex phenomena and gather detailed information that might not be obtainable through other methods. It often combines various data collection techniques such as interviews, observations, and analysis of documents, providing a comprehensive view of the subject being studied. Case studies are particularly valuable in contexts where little is known about the subject or when the research aims to gain insights into a unique circumstance or condition. They can illuminate psychological mechanisms and patterns that apply to larger populations or contribute to the development of new hypotheses. In contrast, the survey method typically involves gathering data from a larger group through questionnaires or interviews, which does not provide the same level of depth as a case study. The experimental method is focused on establishing cause-and-effect relationships through structured experiments, often involving manipulation of variables. The observational method involves watching subjects in their natural environment without intervention, which provides observational data but lacks the in-depth analysis that characterizes case studies.