US High School Psychology Practice Exam

Which contemporary approach to psychology emphasizes that behavior can only be fully understood through direct observation?

1. Behavioral approach

2. Humanistic approach

3. Neuroscience approach

4. Cognitive approach

The correct answer is: Behavioral approach

The behavioral approach to psychology focuses on the study of observable behavior as a primary method for understanding individuals. This perspective stems from the belief that all behaviors are learned through interactions with the environment, often emphasizing the role of conditioning. Since it relies heavily on what can be directly observed and measured, this approach disregards internal mental states, such as thoughts and emotions, which cannot be directly seen or quantified. Key figures in this approach, such as B.F. Skinner and John Watson, argued that psychology should be seen as a science based on objective data rather than subjective interpretations. The emphasis on observable behavior makes this approach distinct from others that incorporate feelings, thoughts, or biological processes, which are not directly observable in the same manner.