US High School Psychology Practice Exam

Which of the following best describes a core principle of the psychodynamic approach?

1. Emphasis on observable behavior

2. Focus on cognitive processes

3. Importance of unconscious influence

4. Significance of social context

The correct answer is: Importance of unconscious influence

The psychodynamic approach, rooted in the theories of Sigmund Freud, emphasizes the importance of unconscious processes in shaping thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. This perspective posits that much of human behavior is influenced by the unconscious mind, which includes repressed memories, desires, and unresolved conflicts from childhood. By focusing on these unconscious influences, psychodynamic therapists aim to uncover hidden motivations that may affect an individual’s current behavior and emotional state. In contrast, the other options represent different psychological schools of thought. The emphasis on observable behavior is characteristic of behaviorism, which focuses on measurable actions rather than internal processes. A focus on cognitive processes aligns with cognitive psychology, which centers on mental activities such as thinking, perception, and memory. Lastly, the significance of social context is often highlighted in social psychology, which examines how individuals' thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the presence of others. Therefore, the core principle of the psychodynamic approach is clearly identified as the importance of unconscious influence.